中低緯度系統(tǒng)相互作用引發(fā)極端降水的中尺度系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)分析

doi:10.12306/2023jms.0024

首頁 > 過刊瀏覽>2025年第45卷第3期 >320-330. DOI:10.12306/2023jms.0024

中低緯度系統(tǒng)相互作用引發(fā)極端降水的中尺度系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)分析
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                        10.12306/2023jms.0024
                    
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中圖分類號:P421
基金項目:山東省自然科學基金資助項目(ZR2023MD001);山東省氣象局科研資助項目(2023SDQXZ04);淮河流域氣象開發(fā)研究基金資助項目(HRM202416);山東省氣象局科研資助項目(2022SDYD14)

Mesoscale system structure of the extreme precipitation triggered by the interactions of mid-low latitude system

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采用多普勒雷達、風廓線、自動氣象站等監(jiān)測資料,結(jié)合NCEP/NCAR(美國國家環(huán)境預報中心)1°×1°再分析資料和雙多普勒雷達反演風場資料,分析臺風"利奇馬"引發(fā)的中α尺度暴雨形成過程,研究中低緯度系統(tǒng)相互作用造成極端暴雨的中α尺度系統(tǒng)動力結(jié)構(gòu)及其演變,結(jié)果表明:(1)低緯度臺風環(huán)流北側(cè)的東南氣流與中緯度西風槽后偏北氣流之間的切變引發(fā)的中α尺度輻合區(qū)是造成極端降水的中尺度系統(tǒng);(2)東南急流增強觸發(fā)對流,高空急流隨之增強,高空急流加深了中尺度輻合區(qū)的發(fā)展,其傳播引起的變壓風與東南急流疊加并與槽前偏南急流打通,形成一條長長的海上暖濕輸送帶,提供豐富的水汽和不穩(wěn)定能量;(3)雙多普勒雷達反演的三維精細風場顯示,初始對流由高度1~4 km、風速大于16 m·s^-1的不連續(xù)東南風脈沖觸發(fā);當?shù)蛯訓|北氣流加厚到4 km高度時,風垂直切變的增大導致降水強度增加超過20 mm·h^-1;(4)冷空氣從減弱的西風槽高層下沉,向東南侵入低層,是切變形成、加強并長時間維持不可缺少的條件,促進上升運動和對流加強,增加風的垂直切變,造成降水增幅,是極端降水的重要因素。

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The Doppler radar data,the automatic meteorological stations, the wind profiles data combined with the NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°reanalysis data and dual Doppler inversion of wind fields were used to analyze the mesoscale dynamical structure and evolution during the extreme rainstorms caused by the interaction of mid-low latitude systems, taking Typhoon Lekima as an example, results show that:(1) The mid-alpha scale convergence zone induced by the shear between the southeasterly flow of the typhoon circulation and the northerly flow of the westerly trough is the key mesoscale system directly induced the rainstorm; (2)The enhanced southeast jet trigger initial convection, followed by enhanced high-altitude jet stream, which deepen the mesoscale convergence zone, and the variable pressure winds caused by its propagation superimpose with the southeast jet and open access with the southward jet in front of the trough, forming a long warm and humid belt from the sea, providing abundant water vapor and unstable energy; (3)Three-dimensional fine wind fields from dual Doppler radar inversions show that initial convection is triggered by discontinuous southeasterly wind pulses at heights of 1 to 4 km with wind speeds greater than 16 m·s^-1; when the low-level northeasterly flow thickens to a height of 4 km, the increase in wind vertical shear leads to an increase in precipitation intensity of more than 20 mm·h^-1; (4)Cold air sinks from the upper level of the weakened westerly trough and invades the lower level to the southeast, which is an indispensable condition for shear formation, strengthening and maintaining for a long time, promoting upward motion and convection strengthening, increasing vertical wind shear and causing precipitation increase, which is an important factor for the extreme rainstorm.

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李君,鄒瑾,高留喜,胡曉琳,畢陟,邱粲,賈瑞.中低緯度系統(tǒng)相互作用引發(fā)極端降水的中尺度系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)分析.氣象科學,2025,45(3):320-330 LI Jun, ZOU Jin, GAO Liuxi, HU Xiaolin, BI Zhi, QIU Can, JIA Rui. Mesoscale system structure of the extreme precipitation triggered by the interactions of mid-low latitude system. Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2025,45(3):320-330

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收稿日期:2023-02-24
最后修改日期:2023-05-23
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在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-08-30
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